Referenzen

  1. ADASUVE. Fachinformation, Stand 2018.
  2. Lesem MD et al. Rapid acute treatment of agitation in individuals with schizophrenia: multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled study of inhaled loxapine. Br J Psychiatry. 2011;198:51–58.
  3. Kwentus J et al. Rapid acute treatment of agitation in patients with bipolar I disorder: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial with inhaled loxapine. Bipolar Disorders. 2012;14:31–40.
  4. Holloman GH Jr & Zeller SL. Overview of Project BETA: Best practices in Evaluation and Treatment of Agitation. West J Emerg Med. 2012;13:1–2.
  5. Osser DN & Sigadel R. Short-term inpatient pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2001;9:89-104.
  6. Sachs GS. A review of agitation in mental illness: burden of illness and underlying pathology. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67:5-12.
  7. Owen C et al. Violence and aggression in psychiatric units. Psychiatr Serv. 1998;49:1452-7.
  8. Battaglia J. Pharmacological management of acute agitation. Drugs. 2005;65:1207-22.
  9. Ng AT et al. Clinical Challenges in the Pharmacologic Management of Agitation. Primary Psychiatry. 2010;17:46-52.
  10. Fernández Gallego V, et al. Management of the agitated patient in the emergency department. Emergencias. 2009;21:121-32.
  11. Pilowsky LS et al. Rapid tranquillisation: a survey of emergency prescribing in a general psychiatric hospital. Br J Psychiatry. 1992;160:831–835.
  12. Marco CA & Vaughan J. Emergency management of agitation in schizophrenia. Am J Emerg Med. 2005;23:767–76.
  13. Bruch SM & Zeller S. Agitation I: overview of agitation and violence. In: Glick RL, Berlin JS, Fishkind AB, Zeller SL, editors. Emergency psychiatry – principles and practice. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008, p. 117-24.
  14. San L, Arranz B & Escobar R. Pharmacological management of acutely agitated schizophrenic patients. Curr Pharm Des. 2005;11:2471–7.
  15. Cardoso CS et al. Factors associated with low quality of life in schizophrenia. Cad Saúde Pública. 2005;21:1338–40.
  16. Allen MH et al. The expert consensus guideline series: treatment of behavioral emergencies. J Psychiatr Pract. 2005;11:1–108.
  17. Nordstrom K et al. Medical Evaluation and Triage of the Agitated Patient: Consensus Statement of the American Association for Emergency Psychiatry Project BETA Medical Evaluation Workgroup. West J Emerg Med. 2012;13:3-10.
  18. Marder SR. A Review of Agitation in Mental Illness: Treatment Guidelines and Current Therapies. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67:13-21.
  19. Wilson MP et al. The Psychopharmacology of Agitation: Consensus Statement of the American Association for Emergency Psychiatry Project BETA Psychopharmacology Workgroup. West J Emerg Med. 2012;13:26-34.
  20. Allen MH et al. What do consumers say they want and need during a psychiatric emergency? J Psychiatr Pract. 2003;9:39-58.
  21. Spyker DA et al. Pharmacokinetics of Loxapine Following Inhalation of a Thermally Generated Aerosol in Healthy Volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol. 2010;50:169-179.
  22. Noymer P et al. The Staccato® System: Inhaler Design Characteristics for Rapid Treatment of CNS Disorders. Respiratory Drug Delivery. 2010,Vol 1,pp 11-20.
  23. Allen M et al. Inhaled Loxapine Rapidly Reduces Agitation in Patients With Schizophrenia. ACNP Annual meeting 2008
  24. FDA: ADASUVE (LOXAPINE) INHALATION POWDER NDA 022549-PSYCHOPHAR-MACOLOGIC DRUG ADVISORY COMMITTEE BRIEFING DOCUMENT. 12 DECEMBER 2011
  25. Allen M et al. Efficacy and Safety of Loxapine for Inhalation in the Treatment of Agitation in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72:1313-21.
  26. www.aerzteblatt.de/archiv/81890/Aerztlich-therapeutisches-Vorgehen-bei-psychiatrischen-Notfaellen
  27. Die Behandlung der Agitation beim psychiatrischen Notfall, Konsensus-Statement –State of the art 2013: oegpb.at/files/2014/07/Kons_Agitation_psych_Notfall.pdf
  28.  https://www.thieme.de/statics/dokumente/thieme/final/de/dokumente/tw_aerzte-in-weiterbildung/Fixierung_von_Patienten_Lege-artis.pdf
  29.  http://www.aerztezeitung.at/archiv/oeaez-2006/oeaez-1314-15072006/agitiertheit-erste-massnahmen.html
  30. https://www.dgppn.de/fileadmin/user_upload/_medien/download/pdf/kurzversion-leitlinien/s2-praxisleitlinien-bd2-aggressives-verhalten.pdf
  31. Chakrabarti A et al. Loxapine for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;4:CD001943.
  32. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/de_DE/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/002400/WC500139409.pdf
  33. Keating GM. Loxapine inhalation powder: a review of its use in the acute treatment of agitation in patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. CNS Drugs. 2013;27:479-89.
  34. Garriga M et al. Assessment of Agitation in Psychiatry: Expert Consensus. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016;17:86-128.
  35. Messer T et al. Expertenkonsens zum Assessment und Management der psychomotorischen Agitation. Psychopharmakotherapie 2017;24:142-59.
  36. Vieta E et al. Protocol for the mangement of psychiatric patients with psychomotor agitation. BMC Psych. 2017;17:328.